Sir Isaac Newton's accomplishments
The reflecting telescope
Isaac Newton was known for his hard work on light and the spectrum, all topics
that formed major parts of his book Opticks. Opticks was published in 1704.
Earlier telescopes were consisted of glass lenses mounted in a tube, such as
Galileo used. Newton discovered when light passed through the lens there were
different colors that refracted different amounts. Then the effect of chromatic
aberration came into place. Chromatic Aberration is when components of white
light were brought to a focus at different places, and the image would appear to
be surrounded by a spectrum of colors. To solve this problem Newton deigned his own telescope that uses mirrors instead
of lenses. This affect allowed him to bring the light to a focus.Shocking, but
Newton did not invent the idea of a reflecting telescope. The honor of this goes
to James Gregory a mathematician who designed the instrument in the early 60's.
Newton's idea was a lot simpler than Gregory's.
that formed major parts of his book Opticks. Opticks was published in 1704.
Earlier telescopes were consisted of glass lenses mounted in a tube, such as
Galileo used. Newton discovered when light passed through the lens there were
different colors that refracted different amounts. Then the effect of chromatic
aberration came into place. Chromatic Aberration is when components of white
light were brought to a focus at different places, and the image would appear to
be surrounded by a spectrum of colors. To solve this problem Newton deigned his own telescope that uses mirrors instead
of lenses. This affect allowed him to bring the light to a focus.Shocking, but
Newton did not invent the idea of a reflecting telescope. The honor of this goes
to James Gregory a mathematician who designed the instrument in the early 60's.
Newton's idea was a lot simpler than Gregory's.
Newton Contributes to Calculus
Newton came to Calculus as part of his investigations in physics and
geometry. Isaac viewed Calculus as the scientific description of the generation
of motion and magnitudes. In 1664 Newton made his first real contribution by
advancing the binomial thereom, which he included fraction and negative
exponets. He also applied the finite quantities in an analysis of infinite
series. Newton had many critical insights during the plague years of 1665-1666.
During his time he worked with the rate of change and eperimenting with types of
ratios of change.Isaac defined the rate of change as a fluxion, he represented
with a dotted letter. Before the work of Newton and Leibniz the word "calculus" was used t define any type of mathematics.
Law of universal gravitation
As apples had an huge impact to the contribution to the discovery of
gravitation. Isaac Newton came out with the term "Gravity" after he saw an apple
falling from a tree. Gravity is the force of power exerted by the earth on an
object. Gravity is also a reason that the moon orbits around earth. The main
idea of Newton's Law of Gravitation was that every mass in the universe attracts
every other mass.
"Every particle in the universe exerts a force on every other particle along
the line joining their centers. The magnitude of the force is directly
proportional to the product of the masses of the two particles, and inversely
proportional to the square of the distances between them." -Sir Isaac Newton
gravitation. Isaac Newton came out with the term "Gravity" after he saw an apple
falling from a tree. Gravity is the force of power exerted by the earth on an
object. Gravity is also a reason that the moon orbits around earth. The main
idea of Newton's Law of Gravitation was that every mass in the universe attracts
every other mass.
"Every particle in the universe exerts a force on every other particle along
the line joining their centers. The magnitude of the force is directly
proportional to the product of the masses of the two particles, and inversely
proportional to the square of the distances between them." -Sir Isaac Newton
Three laws of motion
Newton's first law of motion states that "An object at rest will remain at
rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. An object in motion continues in
motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an
unbalanced force."
What does this mean?
This law is also often called "the law
of inertia". Newton's first law means that an object has a tendency to continue
doing what they are doing, unless has an unbalanced force acting upon it.
Newton's Second law states that "Acceleration is produced when a force acts
on a mass. The greater the mass (of the object being accelerated) the greater
the amount of force needed (to accelerate the object)."
What does this mean?
Without realizing it, but everyone knows the second law of motion.
Everyone is aware that heavier objects require more force to move the same
distance as lighter objects.
Newton's third law of motion states that "For every action there is an equal
and opposite re-action."
What does this mean?
Newton's last law means that every
force there is a reaction force that is equal in size, but that is in the
oppostie direction. For example when an object pushes on another object it gets
pushed back in the opposite direction equally hard.
rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. An object in motion continues in
motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an
unbalanced force."
What does this mean?
This law is also often called "the law
of inertia". Newton's first law means that an object has a tendency to continue
doing what they are doing, unless has an unbalanced force acting upon it.
Newton's Second law states that "Acceleration is produced when a force acts
on a mass. The greater the mass (of the object being accelerated) the greater
the amount of force needed (to accelerate the object)."
What does this mean?
Without realizing it, but everyone knows the second law of motion.
Everyone is aware that heavier objects require more force to move the same
distance as lighter objects.
Newton's third law of motion states that "For every action there is an equal
and opposite re-action."
What does this mean?
Newton's last law means that every
force there is a reaction force that is equal in size, but that is in the
oppostie direction. For example when an object pushes on another object it gets
pushed back in the opposite direction equally hard.
Theory of light and color
The modern understanding of light and color begins with Sir Isaac Newton. Newton
was the first to understand the rainbow. Newton refracts a white light with a
prism and it recolves into the componet colors of: red, orange, yellow, green,
blue, and violet. In the late 1660's Newton starts to experiment with the
colors. People at the time thought that the color was a mixture of light and
darkness, and that the prism colored the light. Newton started off by setting up
a prism near his window that projected a beautiful spectrum 22 feet across to
the other wall.He proved that the prism was not coloring the light, he then
refracted the light back together. Artists were amazed by Newton's demonstration
that light alon was responsible for color. His most useful idea for artists was
how he arranged them on the color wheel. Which allowed primaries to be arranged
opposite their complementary colors. This was a way of denoting that each
complementary would enhance the other's effect through optical contrast.